Lavender

Lavender (scientific name: lavandula pedunculata) belongs to the genus Lavender of the Labiatae family. It is native to the Mediterranean coast, Europe and the Oceania Islands. It is widely planted in the UK and Yugoslavia. Its leaf shape is elegant and elegant, and the blue-violet inflorescence is long and beautiful. It is a new perennial cold-tolerant flower in the garden. It is suitable for planting or planting flowers, or potted plants. Lavender has been a very common vanilla in Roman times, and because it has the most efficacy, it is called "after vanilla." It has been widely used in medical treatment since ancient times. Stems and leaves can be used as medicines. It has the effects of stomach, sweating and pain relief. It is a good medicine for treating colds, abdominal pains and eczema. There are also TV dramas, movies, poems, etc. in this name.

Information overview


Lavender is part of the Labiatae family. It was a very common lavender herb in the Roman era, and because it has the most efficacy, it is called "after vanilla" [1]. Lavender also has the reputation of “aromatic herb”, which is suitable for any skin, promotes cell regeneration, accelerates wound healing, improves acne, abscess, eczema, balances sebum secretion, has a miraculous effect on burning sunburn, inhibits bacteria, reduces scars, and soothes Stress, relax nerves, help to sleep, relieve tension and anxiety, can also treat early cold and cough, can also gradually improve headache, lavender brings a strong aroma, stable digestive system, is the ideal flower tea for migraine. It can be drunk, it can be used during bathing, or it can be placed in a closet instead of mothballs.

The northern foothills of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang are located in the same latitude zone as Provence, France. The climatic conditions and soil conditions are similar. It is the lavender planting base and the hometown of lavender in China. Xinjiang's lavender has been listed among the world's eight famous varieties.

Morphological characteristics
Lavender [2] is a perennial herb or small shrub, although it is called grass, it is actually a purple-blue flower. Lavender is clustered, mostly branched, and the common one is erect growth. The plant height varies from 30 to 40 cm and 45 to 90 cm. In the mountainous areas with relatively high altitudes, the individual plants can grow to 1 m. Leaves alternate, elliptic-tiped leaves, or needle-shaped larger leaves, leaf margins re-rolled.

Spikes terminal, 15–25 cm long; corolla lower tubular, upper lip, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed; flowers ca. 1.2 cm, blue, dark purple, pink, white, etc. It is purple-blue and flowering from June to August. The whole plant has a light aroma of wood, and the oil glands are hidden in the fluff of the flowers, leaves and stems, and the oil glands are gently touched to break the fragrance. [4]

Flower characteristics
Lavender flowers resemble wheat spikes, with 50 to 100 flowers on one stem, especially when grown in large pieces, the flowers are rich and fragrant.

Growth habit


Lavender is easy to cultivate, and it is sunny, heat-resistant, drought-tolerant, extremely cold-resistant, resistant to thinness, and resistant to salt and alkali. The cultivated field requires sufficient sunshine and good ventilation [1]. Time required for sowing to flowering (or harvesting): 18 to 20 weeks. Lavender should be cultivated in large containers. However, in the case of potting, it is possible to use a pottery basin or a small plastic pot to prevent over-wetting. It is not advisable to use a large pot unless it has grown to a considerable size. Lavender lavender can't stand the heat and humidity, and if it is long-term, it will die. When planting outdoors, be careful not to allow rainwater to drip directly onto the plants. After May, you need to dispose of the place where the sun can't be directly exposed. Increase the ventilation to reduce the ambient temperature and keep it cool before you can spend the summer. Pay attention to sunlight, moisture, temperature and patience.

Planting distribution


[3] The origin is in the Mediterranean region, south to tropical Africa, and east to India, including Canary Lavender, Northern and Eastern Africa, Southern Europe, Mediterranean, Arabia, and India. Because cultivatable varieties are widely cultivated in cultivated gardens around the world, people can occasionally find wild lavender groups formed by seeds that flow from the garden in many non-original areas.

Common variety
At present, the distribution of lavender fields in the world is mostly concentrated in Provence, France, and Hokkaido, Japan. In addition, New Zealand, Canada also has lavender fields.

Common varieties of lavender are as follows
English Lavender (L.a.) English: native to the United Kingdom, leaves gray-green, plant height about 75cm, is one of the original species of lavender.

Lavender Lady: Opens purple flowers, is more heat-resistant, early flowering, and the seeds have won the 1994 AAS Winner award for less than half a year from germination to flowering. When it blooms in the same year, it can bring the luxuriant flowers of the hope to the growers in the first growing season. Because lavender can't bear the low temperature below -20 °C, it is most suitable for annual cultivation. It is planted in autumn and blooms in spring next year. Neat and consistent plants are constantly blooming. “Lady Lavender” is a compelling part of the combination pot. Selected varieties of national flower varieties are selected.

Hitcote: purple flower, heat-resistant, plant height of about 35cm, slow growth, is a popular breed of British lavender is popular abroad.

Munstead: Blue-purple flowers, not heat-resistant, slow-growing, large and large spikes, plant height 30-40cm. Every year from June to August, the flowers are light blue, the leaves are grayish green, laced, scented, and the flowers are later than the "Lavender Lady", and the uniformity is not as good as the "Mrs. Lavender."

Nana Alba: white flowers, cold and heat-resistant, slender leaves, short spikes, dwarf varieties, plant height of about 20cm.

Lodden pink: pink flowers, long flowering ears, plant height of about 45cm.

French Lavender (Ls) French: one of the native species, the native French plateau, more heat-resistant, pink, after the flowers, the bracts will remain on it, the top of the flowering looks like a pair of rabbit ears , quite cute.

French Long: a subspecies of French, with dense leaves, long spikes and a plant height of about 75 cm. Other lavender: Spike Lavender (L.latifolia): It is also one of the varieties that produce essential oils.

Woolly Lavender (L.lanata): One of the original varieties, the leaves are silvery white, with a thick layer of fluff on the surface, purple flowers, more heat-resistant and aromatic.

Cultivar


There are a total of 28 kinds of lavender fragrances in the world of lavender, and the lavenders of Provence are mainly divided into three categories:

1. Native Lavender: Also known as English Lavender, it is the best quality. It is used to make high-grade perfumes and spices. The leaves are thinner and the spikes are shorter.

2. Long-eared lavender: Also known as peppermint lavender, the leaves are wider, the stems and spikes are longer.

3. Mixed lavender: It is a mixture of the above two types, which is cultivated in large quantities. Most of the lavender in the Provencal flower field is now this.

In addition to special oil refining varieties, there are some varieties that can be used as cut flowers or flower beds. At present, sweet lavender, lavender, lavender, lavender and so on are more common. Mrs. Lavender, the winner of the National Flower Variety Breeding Award, is the most eye-catching combination of potted plants. It is most suitable for annual cultivation. It is planted this autumn, and the flowers bloom in the bright spring, and the plants are neat and tidy. Munster lavender, with light blue flowers from June to August every year, leaves are gray-green, laced and scented. The flowering is later than the lady of lavender, and the uniformity is not as good as the lady of lavender.

Value
Ornamental value
Its leaf shape is elegant and elegant, and the blue-violet inflorescence is long and beautiful. It is a new perennial cold-tolerant flower in the garden. It is suitable for planting or planting flowers, or potted plants. The flowering branches can be directly inserted into the vase for viewing, and the dried flower branches can also be braided into a garland with aroma. Suitable for gardens, potted plants, cut flowers, flower beds, etc.; in gardens, flower shops, hotels, restaurants, department stores and other public places can be used as fashion flowers; opening celebrations help to celebrate the atmosphere.

Process value
Lavender mainly contains linalyl acetate (about 60%), linalyl acetate, geraniol, coumarin and other ingredients. Its aroma is refreshing and pleasant; therefore, it is widely used in perfumes, soaps, flower lotes, etc. Among the various daily cosmetics, it is one of the important natural essential oils in the perfume industry.

Family health
In the terminology of fragrance, “lavender” represents an important floral type. “Lavender water” formulated with lavender oil and alcohol in Europe and the United States is very popular; it is equivalent to the advanced “snow water” of China. As the most safe and effective oil in the beauty industry, it is the dominant position in the market. It can be used for fumigation, bathing and foot bath in beauty SPA aromatherapy to clear the meridians. Flower juice can help regulate skin, promote epithelial cell tissue renewal, balance sebum secretion; refreshing, sterilizing, sterilizing, detoxifying, reducing insomnia, improving sleep quality, relieving mental stress, and enjoying mood. The role of lavender in improving insomnia is well known; home cabinets deworming; purifying the air.

Lavender Herbs


Lavender essential oil has the effects of sterilization, pain relief, calming, etc., and lavender has been used as the following bulk drug by pharmaceutical manufacturers;

1. Raw materials for treating headache, insomnia, wounds, sterilization, burns, joint pain, heartbeat, scars, and respiratory system.

2, the treatment of acne, burns, mosquito bites, psoriasis, eczema bulk drugs.

3, the treatment of hormonal system, menstrual pain before and after the menstrual period, Guantong pain, depression, indigestion, weight loss body medicine.

4, the treatment of cold, cough in the early stage; promote blood circulation of capillaries, smooth blood pressure of raw materials.

5, the treatment of central nervous system, relieve anxiety, improve insomnia and other nervous system drug substances.

food processing
Lavender whole grass has aroma and taste is good. European and American countries are widely used in health food, salad, jam and high-end beverages, which are favored by consumers. Health tea is very effective for sleep and beauty. Flower tea can treat anxiety, headache, eliminate tension, care for soothing emotions, flatulence, nausea and bad breath. Long-term drinking can make the body emit a fragrant scent that is unique to lavender flowers; promote blood circulation of capillaries, stabilize blood pressure; relieve headaches.

Main classification
There are 28 species of lavender native species in the world, and Lavender in Provence is mainly divided into three categories:

[Original Lavender] Also known as English Lavender, it is the best quality. It is used to make high-grade perfumes and spices. The leaves are thinner and the spikes are shorter.

[Long Spike Lavender] Also known as peppermint lavender, the leaves are wider, and the stems and spikes are longer.

[Mixed Lavender] is a mixture of the above two types, which is cultivated in large quantities, and most of the lavender in the Provencal flower field is this.

In addition to the special oil refining varieties, there are some varieties that can be used as cut flowers or flower beds. The more common ones on the market are sweet lavender, lavender, lavender, real lavender and so on. Mrs. Lavender, the winner of the National Flower Variety Breeding Award, is the most eye-catching combination of potted plants. It is most suitable for annual cultivation. It is planted this autumn, and the flowers bloom in the bright spring, and the plants are neat and tidy. Munster lavender, with light blue flowers from June to August every year, leaves are gray-green, laced and scented. The flowering is later than the "Lavender Lady", and the uniformity is not as good as the "Mrs. Lavender."

Lavender is divided into two varieties, English lavender and French lavender, but it is not what grows. Lavender growing in Provence, France is precisely English lavender, cold-resistant lavender.

Cultivation management


Because lavender is sunny, heat-resistant, drought-tolerant, extremely cold-resistant, resistant to thinness, and resistant to salt and alkali, the cultivated field requires sufficient sunshine and good ventilation. The time required for sowing to flowering (or harvesting) is 18 to 20 weeks. lavender

Soil: Suitable for slightly alkaline or neutral sandy soil. Special care must be taken to select a well-drained medium that can be used after mixing 1/3 of pearl stone, 1/3 of vermiculite, and 1/3 of peat moss. If you are paying attention to soil drainage when planting in open field, you can plant the mounds high and then plant them.

Watering: Lavender does not like the roots often have water retention. After the water is poured once, the water should be supplied when the soil is dry, and the surface culture medium is dried, the internal humidity is degree, and the leaves are slightly wilted. Watering should be done in the morning, avoiding the sun, and the water should not splash on the leaves and flowers, otherwise it will perish and breed pests and diseases. A persistently humid environment will cause insufficient root breathing in the roots to grow poorly, and even suddenly the whole plant will die.

Illumination: Lavender is a full-day plant that requires sufficient sunlight and a humid environment to give a full-light environment. Half-day sunshine can also grow, but flowering is rare. At least 50% of the sunlight should be removed in the summer, and ventilation should be added to lower the ambient temperature, so that although the growth is weak, it does not die. Lavender grows well on the ground in winter and should be cultivated under full sunlight.

Temperature: Lavender is semi-heat resistant, cool, warm in winter and cool in summer, suitable for growth: 15 ~ 25 ° C, can grow at 5 ~ 30 ° C. Limit temperature: above 35 °C, long-term higher than 38 ~ 40 °C top stem leaves yellow. In the winter in the north, the dormancy begins at 0 °C for a long time, and the seedlings can withstand a low temperature of -20 to -25 °C during dormancy.

Fertilization: The bone powder can be used as the base fertilizer in the potting soil (used once every three months), the small seedlings can be applied to Huabao No. 2 (20-20-20), and the higher the fertilizer with the higher phosphorus fertilizer such as Huabao No. 3 (20-30-20). Apply light fertilizer.

Pruning: Lavender flowers are the most abundant in essential oils. When used, they are mainly flowers or inflorescences. For the convenience of harvesting, some small inflorescences in the early stage of cultivation may be flattened with large scissors. The new inflorescences are highly consistent and conducive to one harvest. Some varieties can reach a height of 90 cm. This method is also used to make plants low and promote branching, flowering and increase harvest. After the flower is finished, it must be trimmed, and the plant can be trimmed to 2/3 of the original, the plant type will be firmer and will be beneficial for growth. When pruning, it should be trimmed in the cool season, such as spring and autumn, usually in spring, and trimming in autumn will affect cold resistance. Be careful not to cut the lignified part when trimming, so as to prevent the plant from dying and dying.

Cultivation Techniques
There are mainly methods such as sowing, cutting, layering, and rooting [1]. At present, the cutting method is mainly used in production, so that the inherent quality of the mother is maintained.